Carmella Tuliszewski
Silk Fish Pond
Grades 6, 7 and 8
OBJECTIVES
Knowledge- Students learn that Batik is a wax-resist method of creating designs on fabric. They also
learn that early examples of batik have been found in the Far
East, Middle East, Central Asia and India from over 2000 years ago.
Skill- Students learn
how to create a batik design using resist on silk fabric. Students gain color mixing skills using only
primary and secondary colors as a base.
Knowledge- Students gain knowledge in a specific medium and explore a variety of
usages of these materials. Also, from
learning the history of this art form they learn to appreciate the longevity of
the materials and how the skill has been handed down for generations.
Prepare Ahead- Pour resist into applicator bottles.
Have photos of tropical fish available for student’s reference.
Batik cloth from the import store to show students.
Cardboard frames on which to tape cut silk while painting with the
dyes. This holds the fabric away from
the sketches, avoiding paddling against the paper. I also have silk hoops which will supply some
classes.
MOTIVATION- Questions leading the
students to discovery.
Imagine you are sitting on a low stone bench, in a peaceful Oriental
garden, next to a pond. You look down and see flashes of bright red, silver,
black, creamy white, and golden yellow gliding under the water. A school of koi
inhabits the pond. Teacher shows pictures of Koi.
Known as "living jewels," koi have been adorning garden ponds
for over two thousand years. The wild carp has long been a symbol to Asian and
Far Eastern countries and has been evident in their paintings, pottery and
carvings and even as part of the handed down stories for generations. Teacher
shows examples of the Koi in Asian art.
She shows her photo reference of many types of tropical fish. Although Koi is the traditional
fish used in ancient times you are welcome to make use of the many photos of
tropical fish I have brought for you today.
Teacher shows a Batik cloth along with other examples of Batik are passed around the room as teacher gives presentation.
Where has the color been “contained”?
Where can you see the actual mixing of colors on the fabric?
Name a color? What colors were
used to make this color?
China has a long history of batik production dating back to the sixth
century.
Today you can still find batik being done by the ethnic people in Guizhou
Province, in the South-West of China. Teacher
directs student’s attention to the map of China.
Teacher walks around showing the Batik
cloth. Look closely at
this beautiful piece of art.
Can you see how it is made?
Of the elements of art listed in the room, which do you think are the
most important to the Batik artist?
Batik is both
an art and a craft, which is becoming more popular and well known in the west
as a wonderfully creative medium. The art of decorating cloth in this way,
using wax and dye, has been practiced for centuries. In Java, Indonesia, batik
is part of an ancient tradition, and some of the finest batik cloth in the
world is still made there.
The word batik
originates from the Javanese tik and means to dot.
To make a
batik, selected areas of the cloth are blocked out by brushing or drawing hot
wax over them, and the cloth is then dyed. The parts covered in wax resist the
dye and remain the original color. This process of waxing and dyeing can be
repeated to create more elaborate and colorful designs. After the final dyeing
the wax is removed and the cloth is ready for wearing or showing.
Evidence of
early examples of batik has been found in the Far East, Middle East, Central
Asia and India from over 2000 years ago. It is conceivable that these areas
developed independently, without the influence from trade or cultural
exchanges. However, it is more likely that the craft spread from Asia to the
Middle East through the caravan route. Batik was practiced in China as early as
the Sui Dynasty (AD 581-618). These were silk batiks and these have also been
discovered in Nara, Japan in the form of screens and ascribed to the Nara
period (AD 710-794). It is probable that these were made by Chinese artists.
They are decorated with trees, animals, flute players, hunting scenes and stylized
mountains.
Teacher shows her
“Silk Fish Pond”. We will be creating
Batik fish design into something I call silk fish ponds. You may use any of the tropical fish
reference I have here for your design. Or
you may design your own fish! Teacher
shows students her sketch. The
important thing to remember as you draw is that all areas of the image that
require the use of different colors be “contained” (one continuous shape). The dye will spread on the silk to the edge
of the resist so you can not have any areas left open to another color. Teacher shows students a “contained”
drawing and one that is not contained.
Activity- What the
students will do. (Class One)
1. Students listen to and participate in
Motivation. They view examples of fish
in Asian art and Batik in particular. Using reference materials, students sketch
an underwater scene. Emphasis should be on the fish, with surroundings to
include any of the following: sand, seaweed, shells, corals, and a
"current" (wavy lines behind the fish to suggest sunrays or change of
color in the water). Make sure the design
fits within a 9” circle. Students will
use this as a template for their silk painting.
2. Trace over
lines of the drawing with dark pencil or marker so that they can see through
the silk.
3. Check that all
areas of the image that require the use of different colors are “contained”
(one continuous shape). The dye will
spread on the silk to the edge of the resist so you can not have any areas left
open to another color.
Activity- What the
students will do. (Class Two)
4. Place the silk hoop over the drawing and
use the bottles of resist to trace the underwater scene on to the silk. Be sure
that the resist goes through the silk to the back and that all lines are
connected, so that the silk dyes will not bleed into adjacent areas. Move as
you would with a marker- steady and smooth.
Do not stay in one place too long.
5. When you are finished, check that the resist
has gone through the silk to the back in all areas, and that all points of
connection are closed. (To prevent dye leakage.) Allow the resist to dry completely before
painting. It takes at least 30 minutes to dry.
Activity- What the
students will do. (Class Three)
Painting the silk:
First dampen your
brush with water. When applying dye to
silk brush it on within about ½” of the edge of the resist. It will bleed out the rest of the way. Different effects can be created using
several techniques:
--- The students can paint each area within the resist a
solid color.
---- Students must mix a Tertiary color from the Secondary
colors some where within the painting.
(ie- red
& violet= red-violet)
--- They can combine colors in an area to achieve a
watercolor effect.
--- Lights and darks are created based on the amount of dye
placed on the silk.
--- Art salts can be added to an area while it is still wet
to create starburst effects.
--- When painting a wet line or shapes over a dry area, a
dark edge of color is created where the
dye stops.
--- Salt may be added to the water or sand to create a
mottled effect. Paint a small area and
immediately add the salt to that area. (The
dyes dry quickly and salt will not work on dry
areas). Allow piece to dry for 24 hours.
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT:
-- Colors dry lighter
-- Multiple coats of dye will
produce more vibrant or darker colors
-- Colors can be mixed on the
fabric for interesting blending but the results are unpredictable - test on
scrap fabric for color and technique. Wet on wet will fully blend; wet onto dry
will blend less and will leave a water-line or stain at the intersection.
Supplies
Silk stretched hoops and measured sections of
silk fabric with cardboard frames, silk dyes (Jacquard), brushes, resist,
resist applicator bottles,
straight pins (we put them in the tips of the
resist bottles to keep them from drying out),
art salt , white drawing paper, pencils
Vocabulary- Batik, resist,
contained areas, line, shape, color, Koi
Art
History Reference- Silk Batik from Sui Dynasty, China, the Nara Period, Japan
and Contemporary Batik.
Exemplars- One sketch and one
finished Silk Batik by teacher.
Closure
What does the word Batik mean? (From the Javanese “tik” meaning to dot.
What is the method used which enable the batik
process to work? (Resist)
Which elements of art are most important to the
designing of Batik? (Line, Shape, and
Color)
NAEA
STANDARDS- 1, 2, 3, 4
Assessment/Evaluation- This lesson is
successful if students:
1.
Create
a tropical fish design,
2.
They have made sure to “contain” all shapes
within the design
3.
They
have experimented with at least two of the listed techniques.
4.
Have
made a Tertiary color from the colors supplied
Examples of student work
It helps to lift the silk hoop up and away from the surface of the paper.
I had students lay their hoops on top of thin rulers, one on each side, over their drawings.
They could still easily see through without saturating the surface below.
For display I cut circles slightly smaller than the hoops out of black foam core.
I was then able to wedge the hoops inside and they stayed secure without glue or tape.
